PIP Guide

###目录

  1. 前言
  2. 获取pip
    2.1. 脚本安装pip
    2.2. 使用包管理软件安装
    2.3. 更新pip
  3. pip基本使用
    3.1. 安装PyPI软件
    3.2. 查看具体安装文件
    3.3. 查看哪些软件需要更新
    3.4. 升级软件包
    3.5. 卸载软件包
  4. pip简明手册
    4.1. 安装具体版本软件
    4.2. Requirements文件安装依赖软件
    4.3. 列出软件包清单
    4.4. 查看软件包信息
    4.5. 搜寻
    4.6. 配置文件
    4.7 命令行自动补全
  5. 后记

###1 前言
pip 是一个Python包管理工具，主要是用于安装 PyPI 上的软件包，可以替代 easy_install 工具。

GitHub: https://github.com/pypa/pip
Doc: https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/

###2 获取pip

#####2.1 脚本安装pip

$ curl -O https://raw.github.com/pypa/pip/master/contrib/get-pip.py

$ python get-pip.py

#####2.2 使用包管理软件安装
$ sudo yum install python-pip

$ sudo apt-get install python-pip

#####2.3 更新pip
$ pip install -U pip

###3 pip基本使用

#####3.1 安装PyPI软件
$ pip install SomePackage

[…]
Successfully installed SomePackage’

#####3.2 查看具体安装文件
$ pip show –files SomePackage

Name: SomePackage
Version: 1.0
Location: /my/env/lib/pythonx.x/site-packages
Files:
../somepackage/init.py
[…]

#####3.3 查看哪些软件需要更新
$ pip list –outdated

SomePackage (Current: 1.0 Latest: 2.0)

#####3.4 升级软件包
$ pip install –upgrade SomePackage

[…]
Found existing installation: SomePackage 1.0
Uninstalling SomePackage:
Successfully uninstalled SomePackage
Running setup.py install for SomePackage
Successfully installed SomePackage

#####3.5 卸载软件包
$ pip uninstall SomePackage

Uninstalling SomePackage:
/my/env/lib/pythonx.x/site-packages/somepackage
Proceed (y/n)? y
Successfully uninstalled SomePackage

###4 pip简明手册

#####4.1 安装具体版本软件
$ pip install SomePackage # latest version
$ pip install SomePackage==1.0.4 # specific version
$ pip install ‘SomePackage>=1.0.4’ # minimum version’

#####4.2 Requirements文件安装依赖软件
Requirements文件 一般记录的是依赖软件列表，通过pip可以一次性安装依赖软件包:

$ pip freeze > requirements.txt

$ pip install -r requirements.txt’

#####4.3 列出软件包清单
$ pip list

$ pip list –outdated

ipython (Current: 1.2.0 Latest: 2.3.0)’

#####4.4 查看软件包信息

$ pip show pip

Name: pip
Version: 1.4.1
Location: /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-1.4.1-py2.7.egg
Requires:

$ pip show pyopencl

Name: pyopencl
Version: 2014.1
Location: /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages
Requires: pytools, pytest, decorator’

#####4.5 搜寻
$ pip search pycuda

pycuda - Python wrapper for Nvidia CUDA
pyfft - FFT library for PyCuda and PyOpenCL
cudatree - Random Forests for the GPU using PyCUDA
reikna - GPGPU algorithms for PyCUDA and PyOpenCL
compyte - A common set of compute primitives for PyCUDA and PyOpenCL (to be created)’

#####4.6 配置文件
配置文件: $HOME/.pip/pip.conf, 举例:

[global]
timeout = 60
index-url = http://download.zope.org/ppix

[install]
ignore-installed = true
no-dependencies = yes’

#####4.7 命令行自动补全
对于bash:

$ pip completion –bash >> ~/.profile’

对于zsh:

$ pip completion –zsh >> ~/.zprofile

加载此配置文件后，则pip命令支持自动补全功能.

###5 后记
应该尽量使用pip，不要继续使用easy_install.